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    The androgen receptor controls expression of the cancer-associated sTn antigen and cell adhesion through induction of ST6GalNAc1 in prostate cancer

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    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11287/593969
    Author
    Munkley, J.
    Oltean, S.
    Vodak, D.
    Wilson, B. T.
    Livermore, K. E.
    Zhou, Y.
    Star, E.
    Floros, V. I.
    Johannessen, B.
    Knight, Bridget A.
    McCullagh, Paul
    McGrath, John S
    Crundwell, Malcolm
    Skotheim, R. I.
    Robson, C. N.
    Leung, H. Y.
    Harries, L. W.
    Rajan, P.
    Mills, I. G.
    Elliott, D. J.
    Date
    2015-10-07
    Journal
    Oncotarget
    Type
    Journal Article
    Publisher
    Oncotarget
    DOI
    10.18632/oncotarget.6024
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Patterns of glycosylation are important in cancer, but the molecular mechanisms that drive changes are often poorly understood. The androgen receptor drives prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression to lethal metastatic castration-resistant disease. Here we used RNA-Seq coupled with bioinformatic analyses of androgen-receptor (AR) binding sites and clinical PCa expression array data to identify ST6GalNAc1 as a direct and rapidly activated target gene of the AR in PCa cells. ST6GalNAc1 encodes a sialytransferase that catalyses formation of the cancer-associated sialyl-Tn antigen (sTn), which we find is also induced by androgen exposure. Androgens induce expression of a novel splice variant of the ST6GalNAc1 protein in PCa cells. This splice variant encodes a shorter protein isoform that is still fully functional as a sialyltransferase and able to induce expression of the sTn-antigen. Surprisingly, given its high expression in tumours, stable expression of ST6GalNAc1 in PCa cells reduced formation of stable tumours in mice, reduced cell adhesion and induced a switch towards a more mesenchymal-like cell phenotype in vitro. ST6GalNAc1 has a dynamic expression pattern in clinical datasets, beingsignificantly up-regulated in primary prostate carcinoma but relatively down-regulated in established metastatic tissue. ST6GalNAc1 is frequently upregulated concurrently with another important glycosylation enzyme GCNT1 previously associated with prostate cancer progression and implicated in Sialyl Lewis X antigen synthesis. Together our data establishes an androgen-dependent mechanism for sTn antigen expression in PCa, and are consistent with a general role for the androgen receptor in driving important coordinate changes to the glycoproteome during PCa progression.
    Citation
    Oncotarget. 2015 Oct 27;6(33):34358-74.
    Publisher URL
    http://www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget/misc/linkedout.php?pii=6024
    Note
    This article is available via Open Access. Please click on the 'Additional Link' above to access the full-text.
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    • 2015 RD&E publications
    • HeSRU publications
    • Urology (urinary tract)

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